Classical vs. Quantum Logic
Classical and quantum gates perform the fundamental operations in their respective models of computation.
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| Feature | Classical Logic Gates | Quantum Gates |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Units | Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT, etc.) | Quantum Gates (Hadamard, CNOT, Pauli-X, etc.) |
| Information Unit | Bit (0 or 1) | Qubit (|0⟩, |1⟩, or superposition) |
| Governing Principle | Boolean Algebra | Unitary Transformations (Linear Algebra) |
| State Description | Deterministic (0 or 1) | Probabilistic (Amplitudes, Superposition) |
| Reversibility | Primarily Irreversible (e.g., AND, OR) | Inherently Reversible (Unitary) |
| Mathematical Tool | Truth Tables | Unitary Matrices |
| Key Capability | Logic and Sequential Processing | Superposition, Entanglement, Quantum Parallelism |
| Implementation | Transistors (CMOS) | Superconducting circuits, Trapped Ions, Photons, etc. |
| Complexity of Gates | Simpler gate designs, typically implemented with transistors | More complex gate designs requiring advanced materials and isolation techniques |
| Error Handling | Low error rates (mature technology) | High error rates (Decoherence is a major challenge) |